Alternative Canadian Newspaper : IMC Print

dominion, n. 1. Control or the exercise of control. 2. A territory or sphere of influence; a realm. 3. One of the self-governing nations within the British Commonwealth.

August 11, 2003

Frequently Asked Questions

A list of frequently asked questions about the Dominion. If you have a question that isn't addressed on this site, please post it as a comment at the bottom of the page.

Last updated: August 11, 2003

What is the Dominion?

The Dominion is a bi-weekly Canadian newspaper with a national focus, published in print and online.

What kinds of stories does the Dominion cover?

Our focus is on stories or issues that are marginalized, spun, or ignored by the mainstream press. We also hope to provide a venue where fundamental questions can be asked about Canadian institutions, policies, and events--the questions to which answers are often assumed to be obvious. In every story we cover, we aim to make understanding possible: of how things work, of why events happen, and what influences are at work. (For an elaboration, see our poster.)

Give me an example.

In issue #3, the Dominion highlighted a series of readings about Canada's involvement in the US-proposed "National Missile Defense" (NMD) shield. By pointing to a few primary sources and highlighting one journalist's inquiry into Canada's defense industry, we established some little-discussed yet essential facts about the issue. Namely, that the Canadian defense industry stands to benefit from NMD, that NMD is--in US policymakers' own understanding--a mechanism of aggression, that NMD represents a major shift in the way nuclear power works globally, and that the Liberal government is justifying this in terms of appeasement to the Americans, and not in terms of sane decisionmaking.

So is your primary "target audience" the NDP and Green-party set?

We're interested in reaching Canadians who want to learn about what they're not reading in the national coverage in most newspapers. We don't believe that a paper that is considered "left of centre" need only appeal to people with those sensibilities. Quite the contrary: any participant in a Canadian life can benefit from a broader range of perpectives than newspapers are currently providing.

So you think there's some kind of conspiracy afoot to keep certain issues out of the mainstream press?

There is no need for a conspiracy. It is simply the case that most newspapers in Canada are controlled by rich, white businessmen. (An overview of media ownership). Some choose to exercise this control less than others, but in all cases there exists a bias that these papers cannot avoid, and don't try to avoid. This problem is compounded by the fact that most newspapers are aiming for the same target market--upper middle class or rich--because that is what advertisers will pay the most to reach. This is very clearly reflected in the editorial focus of national papers like Globe and Post. It is well known that Travel and Style sections exist almost purely for the ad revenue they generate, the omnipresent Business section covers issues in a way that is valuable to a very small (but wealthy) number of Canadians, and all the while labour issues (which affect the vast majority of Canadians) are hardly covered at all, much less given their own section. An exercise: try flipping through the news section of any newspaper; note the number of photographs of men, and the number featuring women; note the kinds of photographs of women that appear.

So you're saying the Dominion isn't biased?

Every paper that makes a choice about what stories to run is biased. The problem isn't bias, but that one very narrow bias dominates Canadian newspapers.

We are biased, but we want to identify our biases up front: in terms of story selection, we are biased towards items that are interesting, but are not sufficiently covered in the mainstream papers; in terms of coverage, we are biased towards thorough understanding. We want to contribute, along with other independent publications, to a more complete picture of Canadian political, cultural, environmental, and work life. For more reading about the personal views of the coordinating editor on objectivity, balance, and the like, follow these links: 1, 2, 3.

Who works on the Dominion?

Currently, we have a dozen or so volunteers, who spend various amounts of time writing or editing for the paper (see the masthead in the sidebar for a current list of editors).

Where is the Dominion based?

Though our nominal base is Halifax, we have very few people working in the same place. At the time of this writing, we have editors and contributors in British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario, Nunavut, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, the US, Italy, and Scotland. All of our editorial coordination happens over the internet. While this helps us to be truly national in scope, it also presents several challenges. To read some informal comments about these challenges by one Dominion editor, click here.

Will the Dominion's editorial work always be internet-based?

While we hope to develop local versions of the paper over time, it is difficult to imagine a national newspaper based in one city.

Is the paper profitable?

Our official budget is currently $0, both in income and expenditures. In the coming months, we hope to begin seeking funding, selling subscriptions, and finding sources of income.

Do you pay writers?

We don't currently pay anyone, or make any money. However, paying writers will be a chief priority as soon as we have a budget.

Are you competing with other progressive Canadian web sites like Rabble.ca and Straight Goods?

Not intentionally. Once we reach substantial print distribution, we hope to be able to direct the attention of other audiences to good work done by a variety of Canadian publications, including web sites, the student press, alternative newspapers, and other venues for alternative perspectives.

Why is the paper called "the Dominion"?

It refers both to Canada's history and to its present, and it seemed more pertinent than Telegraph, Globe, Journal, Times, Inquirer, Transcript, Intelligencer, or other newspaper names that have little grounding in the present. Canada is officially a "self governing dominion" in the British commonwealth. Much of what the Dominion covers has to do with power relations, and the broad definition of "dominion" establishes Canada as a "territory or sphere of influence", a place where power is used, played out, and applied. "Dominion," then, strikes an interesting balance between Canada's history as a colony in the British Empire, and the current challenges it faces situated in international power relations.

How was the paper started?

The Dominion sprang out of a frustration with the state of Canadian newspapers, and a desire to use the full potential of the internet to distribute a print newspaper, and a will to create something from nothing.

The first recorded instance of the idea leading to the Dominion was a mostly serious document entitled CUP World Domination: A Proposal, addressed to Canadian University Press. It was ignored, and the idea lay dormant until April 2003. At that time, Dru Oja Jay was--like most university graduates--trying to figure out what to do with his life, and in a fit of hubris, posted The Basic Plan, and solicited comments from friends and colleagues. Several editors were recruited, and the first issue appeared in May, 2003.

Comments
by pw legood
Your website features a COPE e-lert from Vancouver regarding the Provincial Liberal government's Bill 75, Significant Projects Streamlining Act.

The COPE e-lert failed to inform us that Vancouver's COPE council approved the Richmond-Airport-Vancouver (RAV) urban rail project without Bill 75. The COPE council also approved of the 2010 Olympics without imposition of Bill 75.

Some of us here in Vancouver feel Bill 75's purpose is to pave the way for the 2010 Winter Games construction projects without due regard for the environmental, communities/neighbourhoods and citizen opposition. The RAV line just being one of the many projects under the wing of the 2010 Games.
(Convention Centre expansion, stadium renovations, new underutilized winter sports facilities, etc)

In fact, under the NDP, the Local Government Act was enacted giving extraordinary powers to the Provincial Minister responsible for the Act.

As an example:

Part 26 — Planning and Land Use Management

Ministerial orders

874 (1) If a bylaw has been enacted by a local government under Division 2, 7, 9 or 11 of this Part, and the minister believes that all or part of the bylaw is contrary to the public interest of British Columbia, the minister may notify the local government
(a) of the minister's objections to the bylaw or a plan, and
(b) that the council or the board must, within 90 days after receipt of the notice, alter the bylaw or plan accordingly.
(2) If the local government does not alter the bylaw or plan in accordance with the notice, the minister may, with the prior approval of the Lieutenant Governor in Council, order the bylaw or plan to be altered in accordance with the notice.
(3) On the date of an order of the minister under subsection (2), the bylaw or plan is conclusively deemed to be altered in accordance with the notice.
(4) An order of the minister under subsection (2) is final and binding.

The minister may alter the following bylaws pertaining to the following:

Division 2: Official Community Plans
Division 7: Zoning and other Dev. Regulations
Division 9: Permits and Fees
Division 11: Subdivision and Dev. Requirements

Although Bill 75 far exceeds the powers given to the minister in the Local Government Act it is not the first time governments have passed laws giving itself veto powers over local governments.

In BC there are more than two sides to a story. It is insufficient to provide only one critique on senior government's superceding the powers of local governments.

Under the NDP's Local Government Act, the Minister can alter and make final bylaws effecting Zoning and Official Community Plans (OCP).

One of the problems with democracy at all levels of government is the access to which citizens can bring their concerns. Most governments are compelled by legislation to conduct public consultations before deciding upon zoning and OCP's. There is no legal definition for public consultation or a process by which it must conform.

Despite hundreds of critical reports, citizen comments against the RAV project, Vancouver council (majority COPE) voted to go ahead with it.

The e-lerts from COPE have become historical revisions and that's the reason I no longer subscribe.

ps I am a member of COPE.

by robert kolker
I enjoyed reading the review of the book "Cuba:a Revolition in Motion" by Isaac Saney in the current issue of the Dominion. I would like to purchase this book, but have had no success in locating it via e-mail.. Could you please advise me as to where to buy it? Thank you..robert

by Haiti Support Group
Haiti Support Group press release - 25 February 2004 - The reappearance of the FRAPH/FAD'H is nothing less than a stinking stain on today's Haiti.

In December 2003, the Workers' Struggle (Batay Ouvriye) organisation succinctly summed up the main protagonists in the struggle for political power in Haiti: "Lavalas and the bourgeois opposition are two rotten buttocks in a torn pair of trousers."

Today, 23 February 2004, as Haitians wake up to the news that the northern city of Cap-Haitien has fallen to a rebel force composed of former Haitian Army (FAD'H) soldiers led by FRAPH leader, Louis Jodel Chamblain, we can perhaps continue with this analogy, and say:

"The reappearance of the FRAPH/FAD'H is nothing less than the excrement that's making a stinking stain on the torn trousers that is Haiti today."

The Haiti Support Group wholeheartedly endorses Amnesty International's 16 February press release which stated, "The last thing that the country needs is for those who committed abuses in the past to take up leadership positions in the armed opposition."

As a solidarity organisation that believes that internationally-recognised human rights standards can lend valuable protection to individuals and organisations struggling to overthrow tyrannies and dictatorship, we are deeply concerned that the Haitian opposition - grouped in the Democratic Platform - has failed to unequivocally condemn the emergence of notorious human rights abusers at the head of the armed movement to oust President Aristide.

We are also greatly alarmed to see statements in the media which indicate that the rebel force intends to reinstate the disbanded Haitian Army (FAD'H). Ever since its creation during the US occupation (1915-34), the Haitian Army's primary roles have been to defend the country's tiny and reactionary economic elite and to repress movements for political change. We fully expect a reborn Haitian Army to play exactly the same role.

For this reason, the Haiti Support Group - a British solidarity organisation that has supported the Haitian people's struggle for justice, human rights, equitable development and participatory democracy since 1992 - cannot accept that a reborn Haitian Army will serve the best interests of the Haitian majority.

In this context we are obliged to point out that elements within the Democratic Convergence opposition coalition have long intimated their support for the reinstatement of the Haitian Army, and that, more recently, the continued silence on this issue on the part of the Democratic Platform is a strong indication that it is willing to accept a reborn Haitian Army in exchange for the early departure of President Aristide.

As the desperately grim scenario unfolds in Haiti, we are reminded once again of this extract from an article published in The Washington Post newspaper on 2nd February 2001:

- The (Democratic) Convergence was formed as a broad group with help from the International Republican Institute, an organisation that promotes democracy that is closely identified with the U.S. Republican Party. It includes former Aristide allies -- people who helped him fight Haiti's dictators, then soured as they watched him at work. But it also includes former backers of the hated Duvalier family dictatorship and of the military officers who overthrew Aristide in 1991 and terrorised the country for three years. The most determined of these men, with a promise of anonymity, freely express their desire to see the U.S. military intervene once again, this time to get rid of Aristide and rebuild the disbanded Haitian army. "That would be the cleanest solution," said one opposition party leader. Failing that, they say, the CIA should train and equip Haitian officers exiled in the neighboring Dominican Republic so they could stage a comeback themselves."

Background on rebel leaders whose forces are now in control of over half of Haiti:

Louis Jodel Chamblain
Chamblain was joint leader - along with CIA operative Emmanuel 'Toto' Constant - of the Front révolutionnaire pour l'avancement et le progrès haïtien, (Revolutionary Front for Haitian Advancement and Progress) known by its acronym - FRAPH - which phonetically resembles the French and Creole words for 'to beat' or 'to thrash'. FRAPH was formed by the military authorities who were the de facto leaders of the country during the 1991-94 military regime, and was responsible for numerous human rights violations before the 1994 restoration of democratic governance.

Among the victims of FRAPH under Chamblain's leadership was Haitian Justice Minister Guy Malary. He was ambushed and machine-gunned to death with his body-guard and a driver on October 14, 1993. According to an October 28, 1993 CIA Intelligence Memorandum obtained by the Center for Constitutional Rights: "FRAPH members Jodel Chamblain, Emmanuel Constant, and Gabriel Douzable met with an unidentified military officer on the morning of 14 October to discuss plans to kill Malary." (Emmanuel "Toto" Constant, the leader of FRAPH, is now living freely in Queens, NYC.)

In September 1995, Chamblain was among seven senior military and FRAPH leaders convicted in absentia and sentenced to forced labour for life for involvement in the September 1993 extrajudicial execution of Antoine Izméry, a well-known pro-democracy activist. In late 1994 or early 1995, it is understood that Chamblain went into exile to the Dominican Republic in order to avoid prosecution.

Guy Philippe
Guy Philippe is a former member of the FAD'H (Haitian Army). In 1994-5, he and a number of other officers received training from the US Special Forces in Ecuador, and when the FAD'H was dissolved by Aristide in early 1995, Philippe was incorporated into the new National Police Force. He served as police chief in the Port-au-Prince suburb of Delmas and in the second city, Cap-Haitien, before he fled Haiti in October 2000 when Haitian authorities discovered him plotting what they described as a coup, together with a clique of other police chiefs. Since that time, the Haitian government has accused Philippe of master-minding deadly attacks on the Haitian Police Academy and the National Palace in July and December 2001, as well as hit-and-run raids against police stations on Haiti's Central Plateau over last two years.

Gilbert Dragon
Like Philippe, Gilbert Dragon was a young police officer trained by the US in Ecuador and incoporated into the new Haitian National Police force in 1995. He is accused of plotting a coup in October 2000 along with a US military attache and police officers including Guy Philippe. He fled to the Dominican Republic along with Philippe and five other police officers in October 2000.

Ernst Ravix
According to the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights report on Haiti, dated 7 September 1988, FAD'H Captain Ernst Ravix, was the military commander of Saint Marc, and head of a paramilitary squad of "sub-proletariat youths" who called themselves the Sans Manman (Motherless Ones). In May 1988, the government of President Manigat tried to reduce contraband and corruption in the port city of Saint Marc, but Ravix, the local Army commander, responded by organising a demonstration against the President in which some three thousand residents marched, chanted, and burned barricades. Manigat removed Ravix from his post, but after Manigat's ouster, he was reinstated by the military dictator, Lt. Gen. Namphy.

Ravix was not heard of again until December 2001 when former FAD'H sergeant, Pierre Richardson, the person captured following the 17 December attack on the National Palace, reportedly confessed that the attack was a coup attempt planned in the Dominican Republic by three former police chiefs- Guy Philippe, Jean-Jacques Nau and Gilbert Dragon - and that it was led by former Captain Ernst Ravix. According to Richardson, Ravix's group withdrew from the National Palace and fled to the Dominican Republic when reinforcements failed to arrive.

Jean Tatoune
Jean Pierre Baptiste, alias "Jean Tatoune", first came to prominence as a leader of the anti-Duvalier mobilisations in his home town of Gonaives in 1985. For some years he was known and respected for his anti-Duvalierist activities but during the 1991-94 military regime he emerged as a local leader of FRAPH. On 22 April 1994, he led a force of dozens of soldiers and FRAPH members of the CIA-linked death squad FRAPH to attack Raboteau, a desperately poor slum area in Gonaives and a stronghold of support for Aristide. Between 15 and 25 people were killed in what became known as the Raboteau massacre.

In 2000, Tatoune was put on trial and sentenced to forced labour for life for his participation in the Raboteau massacre. He was subsequently imprisoned in Gonaives, from where he escaped in August 2002, and took up arms again in his base in a poor area of the city. At various times he has spoken out against the government, and at other times in favour of it, but since September 2003 he has allied himself with the followers of murdered community leader, Amiot Metayer, and vowed to overthrow the government by force.

Jean-Baptiste Joseph
Joseph is a former Haitian Army sergeant who, following the disbanding of the FAD'H in 1995, headed an association of former FAD'H members. The formation of the Rassemblement des Militaires Révoqués Sans Motifs (RAMIRESM), the Assembly of Soldiers Retired Without Cause was announced at a 1 August 1995 press conference in Port-au-Prince. During 1995 and 1996, RAMIRESM was closely associated with Hubert De Ronceray's neo-Duvalierist party, Mobilisation pour le développement national, (MDN) Mobilisation for National Development.

On 17 August 1996, Joseph was one of 15 former soldiers arrested at the MDN party headquarters and accused of plotting against the government. Two days later, approximately twenty armed men, reportedly in uniforms and thought to be former soldiers, fired on the main Port-au-Prince police station, killing one bystander.

Since then nothing had been heard of Joseph, until he emerged in Hinche with the rebel forces last week. The right-wing MDN party is a leading member of the Democratic Convergence coalition.

______________________________________________

This email is forwarded as a service of the Haiti Support Group.

See the Haiti Support Group web site:
http://www.haitisupport.gn.apc.org

Solidarity with the Haitian people's struggle for justice, participatory democracy and equitable development, since 1992.
____________________________________________

by sr
http://www.unansweredquestions.org/timeline/
http://www.unansweredquestions.org/

http://www.newhumanist.com/oil.html

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/caspian.html

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/S/September-11,-2001-attacks.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/U/U.S.-invasion-of-Afghanistan.htm

http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=12525

http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/01_columns/052201.htm

http://www.buzzflash.com/contributors/04/04/con04141.html

links

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/G/George-W.-Bush.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/A/Arbusto-Energy.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/C/Carlyle-Group.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/D/Dick-Cheney.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/H/Halliburton.htm

http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=25594

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/K/Kellogg,-Brown-and-Root.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/C/Colin-Powell.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/M/Michael-Powell-(politician).htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/P/Paul-Wolfowitz.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/J/John-Ashcroft.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/R/Richard-Perle.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/P/Project-for-the-New-American-Century.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/p/preparations-for-2003-invasion-of-Iraq.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/C/Central-Intelligence-Agency.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/S/September-11,-2001-attacks.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/H/Henry-Kissinger.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/A/Al-Qaida.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/S/Saddam-Hussein.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/2/2003-invasion-of-Iraq-people.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/U/U.S.-led-occupation-of-Iraq.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/G/Gulf-War.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/I/Israeli-Palestinian-conflict.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/A/Arab-Israeli-conflict.htm

http://www.newhumanist.com/oil.html

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/caspian.html

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/U/U.S.-invasion-of-Afghanistan.htm

http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=12525

http://mathaba.net/x.htm?http://mathaba.net/0_index.shtml?x=43094

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/B/Bush-Administration.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/B/Bush-family-conspiracy-theory.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/B/Bill-Clinton.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/M/Madeleine-Albright.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/W/War-on-Terrorism.htm

http://www.projectcensored.org/publications/2004/

http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/world/ny-wolati043739127apr04,0,6040931.story?coll=ny-worldnews-headlines

http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/articles.php?artno=1148

http://www.vheadline.com/readnews.asp?id=16914

http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/2004/578/578p16.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Venezuela

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ve.html

http://www.worldhistory.com/

September 11th

http://www.unansweredquestions.org/timeline/
http://www.unansweredquestions.org/

http://www.911citizenswatch.org/

http://www.mercurynews.com/mld/mercurynews/news/breaking_news/8201939.htm

http://www.septembereleventh.org/

http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/WO0311/S00262.htm

Afghanistan

http://www.newhumanist.com/oil.html

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/caspian.html

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/S/September-11,-2001-attacks.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/U/U.S.-invasion-of-Afghanistan.htm

http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=12525

http://www.robertscheer.com/1_natcolumn/01_columns/052201.htm

http://www.buzzflash.com/contributors/04/04/con04141.html

Old links

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/G/George-W.-Bush.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Nader

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/A/Arbusto-Energy.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/C/Carlyle-Group.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/D/Dick-Cheney.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/H/Halliburton.htm

http://www.yaledailynews.com/article.asp?AID=25594

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/K/Kellogg,-Brown-and-Root.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/C/Colin-Powell.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/M/Michael-Powell-(politician).htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/P/Paul-Wolfowitz.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/J/John-Ashcroft.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/R/Richard-Perle.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/P/Project-for-the-New-American-Century.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/p/preparations-for-2003-invasion-of-Iraq.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/C/Central-Intelligence-Agency.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/S/September-11,-2001-attacks.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/H/Henry-Kissinger.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/A/Al-Qaida.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/S/Saddam-Hussein.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/2/2003-invasion-of-Iraq-people.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/U/U.S.-led-occupation-of-Iraq.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/G/Gulf-War.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/I/Israeli-Palestinian-conflict.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/A/Arab-Israeli-conflict.htm

http://www.newhumanist.com/oil.html

http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/caspian.html

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/U/U.S.-invasion-of-Afghanistan.htm

http://www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=12525

http://mathaba.net/x.htm?http://mathaba.net/0_index.shtml?x=43094

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/B/Bush-Administration.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/B/Bush-family-conspiracy-theory.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/B/Bill-Clinton.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/M/Madeleine-Albright.htm

http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/W/War-on-Terrorism.htm

http://www.projectcensored.org/publications/2004/

http://www.newsday.com/news/nationworld/world/ny-wolati043739127apr04,0,6040931.story?coll=ny-worldnews-headlines

http://www.venezuelanalysis.com/articles.php?artno=1148

http://www.vheadline.com/readnews.asp?id=16914

http://www.greenleft.org.au/back/2004/578/578p16.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Venezuela

http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ve.html

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